What are the possible complications of Parkinson’s disease?

Chewing and swallowing (dysphagia) difficulties - more commonly affects people during the later stages of the disease.

Depression, anxiety - sometimes depression may occur before other Parkinson’s symptoms appear. According to the National Parkinson’s Foundation, USA, it is thought that up to 50% of patients with PD experience a mood disturbance at some point during their illness.

Sexual dysfunction - some patients experience a drop in libido (sex drive). Sexual dysfunction affects more males than females.

Sleep - patients often wake up during the night. A significant number of individuals with Parkinson’s disease find it hard to fall asleep. Being sleepy and falling asleep during the day is also common.

Urinary incontinence or retention - some patients may leak while others find it hard to pee properly. Sometimes this may be due to medications used to treat Parkinson’s disease.
Medications - some Parkinson’s disease medications can cause:

• Hypotension when standing up (blood pressure drops upon standing from seated or lying position)
• Involuntary twitching/jerking of arms and legs
• Hallucinations
• Drowsiness
• Obsessive compulsive behavior