Researchers in China have revealed that P2Y6 receptor could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a therapeutic target for treating this neurodegeneration disease.
Parkinson’s disease is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is estimated to affect more than 1% of the population aged over 65, and there will be more than 10 million PD patients in the world by 2030. Microglia are involved in immune function within the CNS, and previous studies have associated them with the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. The activation of glial cells and increased pro-inflammatory factor levels are common features in PD brains as observed in postmortem analysis of patients.
Nucleotides are known to induce brain inflammation as neurons can release both adenine (such as ATP) and uracil nucleotides (such as UTP and UDP) into the extracellular space upon physiological activity and in response to pathological stimuli and cellular damage, which affects the motility of adjacent cells, including microglia. The ionotropic receptor (P2X) family and the metabotropic receptor (P2Y) family are subfamilies of nucleotide receptors.
The purinoceptor P2Y6 receptor (P2Y6R) is a member of P2Y receptor family and is widely distributed in various tissues including the brain. Damaged neurons are known to release UDP, which binds to P2Y6R and contributes to the microglial phagocytosis of dying neurons.
A study led by Qin Xiao and published in the Journal of Neuroinflammation found that P2Y6R levels were elevated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PD patients and that UDP/P2Y6R signaling was involved in the neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.
The findings from this study suggested that P2Y6R could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD and blocking P2Y6R should be explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD patients.
https://medicalherald.com/p2y6-receptor-a-potential-diagnostic-biomarker-for-parkinsons-disease/
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