13th
October 2014 - New research
Exposure
to air pollution has been implicated as a cause of Parkinson's Disease. The
first
prominent
descriptions of Parkinson's Disease came at the time of the Industrial
Revolution when
pollution levels escalated. Yet, no prospective study has examined the
association between
particulate matter and the risk of Parkinson's Disease.
After
adjusting for age in months, smoking, region, population density,
caffeine and ibuprofen intake, there was found to be no statistically
significant associations between exposure to air pollution
and the risk of Parkinson's Disease. The relative risk of Parkinson's
Disease was 1.08 for pollution particles that were less
than
2.5 microns in diameter, 0.92 for pollution particles that were 2.5
to 10.0 microns in diameter, and 0.99 for pollution particles that
were more than 10.0 microns in diameter. These likelihoods are
little different from what would be expected normally.
There
are areas of the world where pollution is definitely a serious cause of
Parkinson's Disease.
One of the world's highest prevalences of Parkinson's Disease is in the
vicinities of ferromanganese
plants near Brescia in Italy. Manganese concentrations in settled dust were found
to be significantly higher in the surroundings and downwind from the
ferromanganese plants.
In high concentrations, manganese is a known cause of Parkinson's Disease.
Reference
: Environmental Health [2014] 13 (1) : 80 [Epub ahead of print] (N.Palacios,
K.C.Fitzgerald,
J.E.Hart, M.G.Weisskopf, M.A.Schwarzschild, A.Ascherio, F.Laden)
Complete
abstract : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294559
http://www.viartis.net/parkinsons.disease/news/141013.pdf
mail@viartis.net
©2014
Environ Health. 2014 Oct 7;13(1):80. [Epub ahead of
print]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294559
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Exposure to air pollution has
been implicated in a number of adverse health outcomes and the effect of
particulate matter (PM) on the brain is beginning to be recognized. Yet, no
prospective study has examined the association between PM and risk of Parkinson
Disease. Thus, our goal was assess if exposure to particulate matter air
pollution is related to risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Nurses' Health
Study (NHS), a large prospective cohort of women.
METHODS:
Cumulative average exposure
to different size fractions of PM up to 2 years before the onset of PD, was
estimated using a spatio-temporal model by linking each individual's places of
residence throughout the study with location-specific air pollution levels. We
prospectively followed 115,767 women in the NHS, identified 508 incident PD
cases and used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk
of PD associated with each size fraction of PM independently.
RESULTS:
In models adjusted for age in
months, smoking, region, population density, caffeine and ibuprofen intake, we
observed no statistically significant associations between exposure to air
pollution and PD risk. The relative risk (RR) comparing the top quartile to the
bottom quartile of PM exposure was 0.99 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI):
0.84,1.16) for PM10 (<=10 microns in diameter), 1.08 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.45)
for PM2.5 (<=2.5 microns in diameter), and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.19) for
PM10-2.5 (2.5 to 10 microns in diameter).
CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we found no
evidence that exposure to air pollution is a risk factor for PD.
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