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TRANSLATE

Friday, August 1, 2014

How coffee protects against Parkinson's




A specific genetic variation discovered by researchers at Linköping 
University in Sweden protects against Parkinson's Disease – 
especially for those who drink a lot of coffee.
Hereditary and environmental factors interact with one another 
in the emergence of diseases, and research is often focussed 
on identifying genes and exposures that increase the risk for 
contracting diseases. But there are also genetic variations – 
mutations – and environmental factors that protect against 
the emergence of certain diseases.Neurodegenerative diseases 
such as Parkinson's have a complicated background where both 
genetic factors and exposure to  are involved.  
In a study of a million genetic malformations, the research team 
identified a variant of the GRIN2A gene as a protective 
factor against Parkinson's. The corresponding protein is 
part of a complex that is thought to play a role in several
An epidemiological study of Parkinson's patients from two counties 
in south east Sweden examined a combination of a previously 
known protective factor – caffeine – and the genetic variant
in GRIN2A. The findings show that individuals with this
combination run a significantly lower risk of developing the disease.
The study gives a molecular explanation to the protective effects 
that increased  has on the development of Parkinson's.  
Caffeine integrates with a dopamine receptor that regulates the flow of 
calcium into the cell. As dopamine is part of the human reward system, 
and the interaction of caffeine with it, it has been speculated that 
individuals with certain genetic variations are not "rewarded" to the 
same extent by a cup of coffee, and therefore would not enjoy 
the same protective effect as others. The newly published study 
shows that GRIN2A can be a part of such a genetic predisposition.
The study was conducted with financial support from the 
Foundation for Parkinson's Research at Linköping University.



More information: Naomi Yamada-Fowler, Mats Fredrikson
 och Peter Söderkvist (2014) "Caffeine Interaction with 
Glutamate Receptor Gene GRIN2A: Parkinson's Disease in 
Swedish Population." PLoS ONE 9(6): 










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